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电机的轴电流从哪里来？
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2025-03-14
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理论上分析，电机的轴不应该带电，自然地轴上不应该有电流通过；但对于高压电机、低压大功率电机和变频电机，轴电流还是确实存在的，只是电机轴电流的大小不同而已。
产生轴电流的必要条件是轴电压和回路。轴电压，是由于电机磁场不对称等因素，电机轴被磁化，在轴上感应出的电压，当有闭合回路条件时，即产生较大的轴电流。磁路不对称、电动机整流和逆变系统的电容耦合作用、静电感应和轴向磁通及剩磁等都可能导致轴电压的产生，其中，磁路不对称引起的轴电压是存在于电机轴两端的交流型电压。
对于大型电机，定子铁芯采用扇形冲压片、转子偏心、扇形片的磁导率不同，以及冷却和夹紧用的轴向导槽等电机制造和运行原因引起的不对称，产生交链转轴的交变磁通，在电机轴两端产生电位差。这种交流轴电压一般不会超过10V，但具有较大的能量。如果不采取有效措施，轴电压经过轴承系统形成一个回路，将产生很大的轴电流，导致电机的轴承系统发生电击穿。
（来源：风电简史）
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