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柴油机活塞连杆组装配要点
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2025-08-20
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活塞连杆组是柴油机重要的结构装置，在对其进行装配时要注意如下要点：
1、压装连杆铜套。安装连杆铜套时最好用压力机，也可借助虎钳进行，切忌用铁锤猛打；铜套上的油孔或油槽与连杆上的油孔要对正，以保证其润滑。铜套压入后，其两端伸出连杆端面距离应相等。
2、装配活塞及连杆。装配活塞及连杆时，应注意它们的相对位置和方向。连杆大端为平切口的，其活塞顶部的涡流槽，应与斜切口上端同侧，活塞顶部有凸尖的一端，应向喷油泵一方。
3、巧装活塞销。活塞销与销孔为过盈配合。安装时，应先将活塞放在水或机油中均匀加热至90~100℃，取出后，把拉杆放在活塞销座孔之间适当位置，然后将涂有机油的活塞销按既定方向装入活塞销孔和连杆铜套内。同时，要边推压活塞销，边活动连杆，用大拇指或手掌拍入销孔和连杆小头铜套内，并能在其中移动，则说明两者配合紧度合适。要使活塞销端面与两个活塞销挡圈的距离相等，装上挡圈。
4、活塞环的安装。安装活塞环时，要注意各环位置和顺序。活塞上第一道气环，一般为镀铬环。第二、第三道环大多为扭转环，也有锥形环。 如属内切口的环，切口应朝下方；如属锥形环，刻有“上”字的一面或锥角应朝上方。活塞环在槽内不得有卡滞现象；第一道气环的开口，不能正对活塞销孔和活塞顶上的涡流槽；相邻各环的开口位置应错开90~120度，防止气缸内气体泄漏，以利于密封。活塞环装入后，要检查其开口间隙（端间隙）和边间隙。开口间隙过大，易引起漏气，间隙过小，会产生卡滞现象；边间隙是指活塞环与环槽在高度上的间隙，它使环在环槽内能自由活动，不致卡死， 此间隙不宜过大， 否则，当活塞在气缸内上下移动时，气环将产生泵油作用，使润滑油进入燃烧室，加速润滑油的消耗并造成严重积碳。
5、装入连杆组。连杆组装入气缸时，装连杆盖时，应注意连杆大端的配对记号，同时要用扭力扳手按规定扭矩分2~3次拧紧螺栓，转动曲轴应无卡滞现象，最后装上锁紧铁丝或保险片。
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