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轴承温差膨胀：温度变化如何悄悄改变配合与游隙？
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2025-10-18
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滚动轴承常用淬火钢制造，多通过压配合（过盈配合）装在钢轴上。但实际工况中，轴承往往在远高于室温的环境下运转。温度变化会让轴承、轴、轴承座发生线性膨胀，进而悄悄改变 “过盈配合的紧度” 和 “轴承游隙的大小”。
温差与线性膨胀
温差膨胀是轴承工况中 “隐形但关键” 的影响因素，尤其在高温设备（如航空发动机、冶金机械）中更要重视：
选材料时，尽量让轴承、轴、轴承座的膨胀系数匹配（减少过盈量的剧烈变化）；
设计阶段，用上述公式估算温差膨胀量，提前调整过盈配合与游隙的初始值；
若设备温差波动大，可选用 “可补偿游隙” 的轴承（如带紧定套的调心滚子轴承）。
来源：轴承与基础件专委会
UPX 总部
UNITED STATES UBISHIN BEARING GROUP CO.,LTD
ADD: 9404 Hazy Morning Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80925, USA
Email: usa@upx-usa.com