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基础油对润滑脂油膜厚度有何影响？
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2026-01-23
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润滑脂中基础油占到80%~90%左右，基础油对润滑脂应用性能的贡献是显而易见的。对润滑脂油膜厚度的影响也不例外。在不同的运转因素的前提条件下，基础油粘度对润滑脂油膜厚度的影响的结果呈相反的趋势。
在有泵送压力连续不断地对使用轴承提供润滑脂时，基础油粘度增大，会明显地增加润滑脂的油膜厚度。润滑脂的粘度越高，油膜厚度越大；泵送压力和频率越高，润滑脂的油膜也越厚，润滑脂对轴承的润滑也越理想。
但是，随着润滑脂基础油粘度和泵送频率的增加，也会使润滑脂的有效利用率降低，润滑脂润滑轴承部位的摩擦力增大，温度升高和功耗加大。合理的控制润滑脂油膜厚度才是需要解决的中心问题。这种矛盾在钢厂的被润滑设备中较为常见。
在密封轴承中，润滑脂被一次加入，有较高基础油粘度的润滑脂在轴承开始运转时，其油膜厚度保持了一个较高的水平，其厚度和有泵送压力的润滑方式相当。
但是，随着时间的推移，润滑脂膜厚迅速降低，降低到一个稳定的厚度量后保持稳定。该种情况是由于润滑脂的表观粘度会随着基础油的粘度增加而增加，粘度的增加会加大润滑脂相互之间的内摩擦力，使其在轴承中的流动性变差，从而降低润滑脂向轴承轨道补充的能力。
(来源：网络)
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